NSDL Science Refreshers 182 results returned Resources for ScienceRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Information Sheets: Epiphytes - adaptations to an aerial habitathttp://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ksheets/epiphytes.htmlThis well organized article is accompanied by photos focusing primarily on the needs of epiphytes and how the plants' structure facilitates the plants getting what they need. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Curriculum connections - investigating plant tropismshttp://www.kidsgardening.com/growingideas/projects/july04/pg2.htmlThis 3 page article discusses thigmatropism, heliotropism, and geotropism. Photographs provide examples plants demonstrating the tropisms. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 The Case of the Prize-Winning Plantshttp://scifiles.larc.nasa.gov/educators/episodes/2003_2004/Winning_Plants.pdfThis booklet from NASA presents a fictionalized case study where the needs of plants are revealed, including soil type and temperature, through the story of Tony and Kali. Tony wants to start a fertilizer company, but he has a lot to learn about plants. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Photosynthesishttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.htmlA learning module on photosynthesis enhanced with colorful graphics, questions for review, and additional links. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Monocots and dicotshttp://www.backyardnature.net/monodico.htmA brief description of monocots and dicots with photos. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Living things - habitats and ecosystemshttp://www.fi.edu/tfi/units/life/habitat/habitat.htmlText and photographs regarding habitats, populations and communities, biomes, niches and ecosystems in general with numerous links to lessons, activities, and organizations on specific subtopics in ecology. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Energy Flowhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/3-5/sci/life/oate/energyflow/index.htmlThrough the process of photosynthesis, plants harness the sun's energy and in so doing make many forms of life, including human life, possible. What path does this energy follow, and how is it transferred from one type of organism to another? In this feature, adapted from Interactive NOVA: Earth, learn why 400 pounds of corn can't be converted into a 400-pound cow. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - Movie/Animation, Audio/Visual - Sound, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Instructional Material - TutorialGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Dr. Saul's Biology in Motionhttp://www.biologyinmotion.com/evol/index.htmlThe user can vary the strength of the selection pressure, a predator, pathogen, or pollution for example, which is how change in the environment is simulated. Mutation rates can also be varied. The interaction of these two variables gives rise to adaptations, thus evolution. However, the same two variables also explain extinctions when random mutations produce traits which decrease, rather than increase fitness and/or when environmental change is so severe, a large proportion of a species is killed off in a few generations, not leaving enough individuals to repopulate before other species' outcompete the now rare species. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Movie/Animation, Audio/Visual - Graph, Instructional Material - Interactive SimulationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Japan's secret garden - secrets of hibernationhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/satoyama/hibernation.htmlDescribes hibernation in animals and states that perhaps humans may be able to learn to use this process too. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Forest biology and ecology for educators - dormancy and cold hardinesshttp://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/forestbiology/htmltext/chapter6.htmAn online text discussing types of and duration of dormancy, environmental triggers, release from dormancy, genetic influences, and cold hardiness. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Textbook, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Seedless plantshttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%2...Details the life cycle, structure, reproduction and ecology of bryophytes which includes mosses and ferns. Several photos are included. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Gymnospermshttp://hcs.osu.edu/hcs300/gymno.htmDetails structures, life cycle, reproduction and ecology of conifers, cycads and ginkos. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 3, 4, 5 Teacher's domain - body control centerhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/tdc02/sci/life/reg/bodycontrol/index.htmlInteractive media and printed text illustrating homeostasis in humans. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Movie/Animation, Audio/Visual - Sound, Instructional Material - Interactive Simulation, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Life cycles of animals - cycleshttp://www.uen.org/themepark/cycles/animal.shtmlAfter a brief introduction, the page is divided into Places to go, People to see, Things to do, Teacher resources and a Bibliography. Each division has several links. For example the Places to go division has links to frog, ant, coral reef, and American bald eagle life cycles. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Activity, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Butterfly Labhttp://www.naturemuseum.org/online/thebutterflylab/index.htmPeggy Notebaert Nature Museum.This focused and comprehensive site includes pages on butterfly anatomy, life cycle, behavior and ecology. Each page is enhanced with photographs. There is an additional link to ongoing research A Tool Box side bar links to Ask-an-expert, My lab, and For teachers. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Instructional Material - Experiment/Lab Activity, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Insecta - Informationhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Insecta.htmlThe world is convered in bugs, so shouldnt you know a little bit about them? Find out what you need at Insecta Inspecta World! Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Audio/Visual - Sound, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Animal Diversity Webhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.htmlThousands of species accounts about individual animal species. These may include text, pictures of living animals, photographs and movies of specimens, and/or recordings of sounds. Descriptions of levels of organization above the species level, especially phyla, classes, and in some cases, orders and families. Hundreds of hyperlinked pages and images illustrate the traits and general biology of these groups. Professional biologists prepare this part. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Audio/Visual - Sound, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Reference Material - Classification KeyGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Plantkingdom - the clickable taxonomic tree of the plant kingdomhttp://www.plantkingdom.com/plantkingdom.com is a brief introduction into the taxonomic world of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom taxonomic tree in its most basic form is divided into the cellular plants (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, etc.) and into the vascular plants. The vascular plants are further divided into the spore producing plants and the seed producing plants. Those are the 3 primary divisions that plantkingdom.com deals with, each of which breaks down into hundreds of further divisions. Resource Type: Reference Material - Classification Key, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Tree of life webproject - eubacteriahttp://tolweb.org/tree?group=Eubacteria&contgroup=Life_on_EarthTaxa of Eubacteria, with links to more information on bacteria. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Movie/Animation, Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Tree of life web project - fungihttp://www.tolweb.org/FungiShows a phylogenetic tree of the fungi phyla, followed by information, photos and more links. Click on the hotlinks in the phylogenetic tree for specifc examples within the phyla also accompanied by photos. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Reference Material - Classification KeyGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Green Algaehttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/green.htmlColor photomicrographs of several species of green algae with brief descriptions of their chief characterisitcs and habitat. Scroll to the bottom of the page to links to bacteria, and more protists including diatoms, desmids and rotifers. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Reproduction - protists and fungihttp://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab6_protists/l6i1.htmlContrasts sexual reproduction cycles with asexual. Click on the schematic drawings for larger, colored views. Click on Assignment at the bottom of the page for a three page tutorial which includes photomicrographs of protists at various magnifications and a movie of Euglena dividing, ie reproducing via mitosis. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 5, 6 Cells Alivehttp://www.cellsalive.com/index.htmThis comprehensive interactive website covers just about every topic associated with cell biology. The left side bar of contents allows the user to quickly navigate to topics such as microbiology, and cell biology. Inside Cell Biology, one can choose, among others, cell, structure models, mitosis, and meiosis. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - Movie/Animation, Audio/Visual - Photograph, Instructional Material - Interactive Simulation, Instructional Material - Simulation, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Mendelian Geneticshttp://www.ndsu.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/mendel/mendel1.htmComprehensive presentation of Mendelian genetics enhanced with schematic diagrams and color photos. A sidebar of topics includes Variations to Mendel's First Law, Pedigree Analysis, Mendel's Second Law, Pleiotropy, Epistasis, Modifier Genes, Penetrance and Expressivity, Study Questions, Mendelian Genetics Overheads, Mendelian Genetics WWW Links Genetic Topics Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 5, 6 Plants defy Mendel's inheritance lawshttp://www.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/2005/050323.Pruitt.inheritance.htmlArticle describes how a researcher at Purdue discovered an unusual pattern of inheritance in the Arabidopsis plant. When two crossed parent plants each with two copies of the same mutant gene produced seeds, 10% of the mature plants from these seeds showed no mutation. This is never predicted by Mendel's laws. This suggests plants have cryptic copies of genes. If this is also true in animals, genetic disease maybe avoidable. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Introduction Primer on Molecular Geneticshttp://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer/prim1.htmlArticle distinguishes between genes, chromosomes and DNA. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 5, 6 Evolution and natural selectionhttp://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection....Article describes natural selection, its dependence on genetic variation and the role of the changing environment in natural selection. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Sex linked traitshttp://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/sci/soph/genetics/notes/sexlinked.htmDescribes inheritance of sex linked traits with illustrations and examples. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 6 The new eugenics - genetic engineeringhttp://geneticengineering.org/eugenics/jack-a-palmer.htmlAuthor describes the history, aims, potential benefits, and dangers of genetic engineering in this one page article. He also compares genetic engineering to selective breeding. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 5, 6 Metamorphosishttp://exhibits.pacsci.org/insects/metamorphosis.htmlDescribes both complete and incomplete metamorphosis using specific examples, and colored schematic illustrations for each stage. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Animal structure and functionhttp://bioweb.usc.edu/courses/2004-spring/documents/bisc221-baudry_lecture21.pdfA slide show discussing hierarchical organization tissues, organs, systems, regulation of internal environment: metabolic rate, body plans and external environment, and bioenergetics of animals. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Lecture/PresentationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Understanding the Skyhttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/the_universe/uts/intro.htmlThis section of the Windows to the Universe web site provides information and images about understanding the sky including detailed information about the motion of planets, the motion of the Moon, Earth's motion, and seasons. Links at the top of each page allow users to navigate between beginner, intermediate and advanced levels. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Evidence supporting continental drift - on the move continental drift and plate tectonicshttp://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/pangaea/evidence.htmlA short article from NASA discussing evidence for continental drift, and support for plate tectonic theory. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 5, 6 Mineralshttp://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/Minerals/index.htmlThis page is from James Madison University's Department of Geology and Environmental Science. It provides an introduction to minerals, an alphabetical list of minerals and dichotomous keys to identifying minerals in PDF. There are also links to other department pages on igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Welcome to virtual age - datinghttp://www.sciencecourseware.org/VirtualDating/A learning module on isochron and radiocarbon dating of rocks. Resource Type: Assessment Material, Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 5, 6 The geologic time spiral - A path to the pasthttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotimespiral/A graphic representation of the past 4.5 billion years in PDF and is downloadable. See USGS Fact Sheet 2007-3015 at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3015/ for ages of geologic time periods. Ages in the spiral have been rounded from the age estimates in the Fact Sheet. B.Y., billion years; M.Y., million years. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 5, 6 The Dirt on Soilhttp://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/soil/index.htmlThis page is from Discoveryschool.com. It has three sections. The first one, Down and Dirty, describes the various soil horizons. The second section, Field Guide, identifies some soil organisms and the third section, Soil Safari, is an animated tour of th Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Porosity - porosity and permeability of soilhttp://www.seed.slb.com/qa2/FAQView.cfm?ID=426A concise explanation of soil porosity with links to educational activities. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Virtual riverhttp://www.sciencecourseware.org/VirtualRiver/Flooding/index.htmlA series of interactive exercises designed to help you learn about river processes such as discharge, flooding, flood frequency, erosion, and deposition. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 The Water Cyclehttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.htmlThis interactive diagram of the water cycle invites students to click on a part of the cycle to get information about streamflow, surface runoff, freshwater storage, ground-water discharge, ground-water storage, infiltration, precipitation, snowmelt, runoff to streams, springs, condensation, evaporation, transpiration, water in the atmosphere, ice and snow, and oceans. A summary of the water cycle on a single webpage is also available as text with pictures in about fifty languages, text only in thirteen languages, or diagram only. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Interactive Simulation, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Antarctic Weatherhttp://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/weather/Visitors to this site can read a discussion about the weather in Anarctica, including why it is so cold, how weather observations are conducted there, and what role the continent plays in the global weather system. Links to related topics, a wind chill calculator, and a Fahrenheit-Celsius-Kelvin temperature converter are also provided. Resource Type: Dataset - Observed Data, Dataset - Remotely Sensed Data, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Sea floor spreadinghttp://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/nemo/explorer/concepts/spreading.htmlA concise description of sea floor spreading enhanced with a graphic. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Landforms - face of the earthhttp://www.edu.pe.ca/southernkings/landforms.htmA module on each of the following landforms: Valleys,Plateaus, Mountains, Plains, Hills, Loess, and Glaciers. Each landform is photographed and text is provided describing its features. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Weathering - face of the earthhttp://www.edu.pe.ca/southernkings/weatheringjm.htmA one page description of the different kinds of weathering, accompanied by photos. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 USGS geology in the parks - what on earth is plate tectonics?http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/parks/pltec/index.htmlDiscusses the crust, mantle and core with text and schematic drawings. Links to other sections of the same publication on the lithosphere and plate tectonics. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1900 Air Pollutionhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/9-12/sci/life/eco/graphairgas/index.htmlThis graph,from the Web site accompanying the FRONTLINE NOVA special What's Up with the Weather?, reveals how atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides from coal- and oil-burning power plants, cars, and other fossil-fuel-burning sources have climbed along with the world population, with as yet unknown effects on the climate system. Resource Type: Dataset - List/Table, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Audio/Visual - GraphGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Water sourcebooks - Factsheetshttp://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/wsb/pdfs/FACTS.pdfA 91 page pdf on a variety of topics, including water pollution pp. 8-12, and water conservation pp.36-37. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Fossil energy - how fossil fuels were formedhttp://www.fossil.energy.gov/education/energylessons/coal/gen_howformed.htmlA one page article describing the formation of fossil fuels, enhanced with illustrations. At its end, there are three links to specific fuels: coal, oil and gas, for more specific information. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Animal behavior - resources for applied ethologyhttp://animalbehaviour.net/About.htmThis site is written by a veterinarian and has separate pages for various classes of animals such as domesticated, farm, and exotic animals. There is also an online book available to the user in which they can find more information on some of the same plus some additional animal behaviors. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Drift Seeds And Drift Fruits - Seeds That Ride The Ocean Currentshttp://www.teachersdomain.org/6-8/sci/life/stru/driftseed/index.htmlThis essay from Wayne?s Word explores seed dispersal by water and describes some of the physical adaptations that evolution has produced in the seeds and fruits that travel this way. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Floral Arrangementshttp://www.teachersdomain.org/6-8/sci/life/stru/floral/index.htmlExplore a few of the ways plants pollinate each other in this video segment from Sexual Encounters of a Floral Kind. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Movie/Animation, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Lamarckismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LamarckismArticle describing Lamarckism, the erroneous idea that acquired characteristics are heritable, and its history with hotllinks to natural selection, adaptation, natural selection and more. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Osmosis Diffusionhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kinetic/diffus.htmlOsmosis and Diffusion: The concepts of diffusion, rate of diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure are explained on this site as well as how to measure osmotic pressure and membrane transport. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 6 The nitrogen cycle - what goes around comes aroundhttp://msteacher.org/epubs/science/science12/science.aspxThis publication provides a variety of resources. Some assist you in your content knowledge, some are actual lessons or activities, some are good graphic representations of both concepts and organisms of the nitrogen cycle, and some provide real data from current issues for you and your students to analyze and interpret. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: 5, 6 The carbon cycle - what goes around comes aroundhttp://msteacher.org/epubs/science/science11/science.aspxElementary students often successfully memorize and repeat back the stages in cycles, with no deep conceptual understanding of the complexities of the processes involved. Their ability to synthesize knowledge of the cycles with a wider breadth of information related to real-world, unresolved environmental issues such as global warming, greenhouse gas emissions or the burning of biomass for fuel is probably less well developed. In order to engage in meaningful discussions of carbon-related environmental issues, students also need an understanding of the changing nature of the earth s atmosphere. The relative proportion of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ozone and other gases is neither consistent around the world nor constant over time. What factors contribute to the variability in atmospheric content? Which of the factors should be controlled? What are the possible approaches to controlling them? What are the possible and probable outcomes of such controlling measures? Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Interactive workshop - workshop 6http://www.learner.org/channel/workshops/sheddinglight/highlights/highlights6.htmlThe food made by plants is a source of energy for other organisms living in ecosystems. In this workshop we will investigate the flow of energy from plants to animals as we construct food webs and energy pyramids. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Symbiosishttp://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htmDiscusses various forms of symbiosis including commensalisms, mutualism, parasitism and mimicry. Photographs of animals exhibiting each trait are provided. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 PBS-American Field Guide - Primary and Secondary Succession in Americas Forestshttp://www.pbs.org/americanfieldguide//teachers/forests/forests_unit.htmlFrom PBS-American Field Guide, this website offers high school educators a multimedia lesson plan on Primary and Secondary Succession in Americas Forests. Hyperlinked video clips introduce students to several different North American Forests while learning about concepts associated with succession in both natural and disturbed environments. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Movie/Animation, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson PlanGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Clouds - Dans Wild Weather Pagehttp://www.wildwildweather.com/clouds.htmSee how many cloud formations you can name on this page brought to you by a meteorologist in Alabama. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Online Guide - Weather Forecastinghttp://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fcst/home.rxmlWeather Forecasting is one of several online guides produced by the Weather World 2010 project at the University of Illinois. These guides use multimedia technology and the dynamic capabilities of the web to incorporate text, colorful diagrams, animations, computer simulations, audio, and video to introduce topics and concepts in the atmospheric sciences. This module introduces forecast methods and the numerous factors one must consider when attempting to make an accurate forecast. Sections include forecasting methods for different scenarios, surface features affecting forecasting, forecasting temperatures for day and night, and factors for forecasting precipitation. Resource Type: Instructional Material - TutorialGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Online Guide - Hurricaneshttp://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/home.rxmlHurricanes is one of several online guides produced by the Weather World 2010 project at the University of Illinois. These guides use multimedia technology and the dynamic capabilities of the web to incorporate text, colorful diagrams, animations, computer simulations, audio, and video to introduce topics and concepts in the atmospheric sciences. The purpose of this module is to introduce hurricanes and their associated features, to show where hurricanes develop, and to explain the atmospheric conditions necessary for hurricane development. This guide covers topics such as hurricane growth, structure, movement, stages of development, preparation for hurricanes, damage and destruction, naming hurricanes, and how El Nino affects hurricanes. There is a storm tracker to view tracks of past cyclones, and a 3-D interactive trip through a hurricane. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Online Guide - Severe Stormshttp://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/svr/home.rxmlPart of the University of Illinois Weather World 2010 project, this guide uses multimedia technology and the dynamic capabilities of the web to incorporate text, colorful diagrams, animations, computer simulations, audio, and video to introduce topics and concepts in the atmospheric sciences. This module is a combination of two elements. The first is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Severe Storms Spotters Guide. The second is a section discussing the efforts and results of modeling severe storms. The Spotters Guide contains supplemental instructional resources and a program designed to familiarize meteorologists and advanced severe storm spotters with the building blocks of convective storm structure. The focus of the training series is the development of a thunderstorm spectrum and a discussion of the physical characteristics and severe weather potential of the various storm types in the spectrum. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Temperaturehttp://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1332.htmlThis article discusses the relationship between temperature and heat and kinetic energy and it shows how to convert from degrees Fahrenheit to Centigrade. It also includes links to other resources, data, maps, and classroom activities. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Its a Breeze - How Air Pressure Affects Youhttp://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/air_pressure/index.htmlAn explanation of air pressure and how it relates to weather is highlighted on this National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) kids page. The site offers experiments, discussion questions, a word search game, and interactive computer animations that explain the relationship between weather and air pressure. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Experiment/Lab Activity, Instructional Material - Student Guide, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 The aneroid barometer and how to use ithttp://www.bom.gov.au/info/aneroid/aneroid.shtmlThis article defines barometer, gives its history, describes how the aneroid barometer works, and is enhanced with photos and illustrations. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Plant structure - leaves, stems and rootshttp://www.kew.org/ksheets/pdfs/b3plant.pdfPage one consists of a full color illustration of an idealized plant, showing various leaf, stem and root features. Page two illustrates various adaptations of plant flowers, leaves and stems. All illustrations are accompanied by explanations of the structures' functions. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Taxonomy - the science of classificationhttp://www.williamsclass.com/SixthScienceWork/Classification/ClassificationNotes/Clas...This site begins by defining taxonomy and classification and gives a brief history of the two disciplines. It then shows the modern classification system and the kinds of evidence used in taxonomy. Next the rules and advantages of binomial nomenclature are described. Finally the kingdoms are described and enhanced with photos. This source describes the moneran kingdom as the fifth kingdom, containing the eubacteria and archaea. Other sources claim these two categories are domains in their own right, not kingdoms at all. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Photograph, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Salamander superpowers - a question of regenerationhttp://www.sciencecases.org/regeneration/regeneration.aspThis story of a brother, sister and a found salamander reveals the concept of regeneration. Five questions at the end of the story connect regeneration to human biology and stem cell research. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Case StudyGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Natural vegetative propagationhttp://plantphys.info/plants_human/vegprop/vegpropn.htmlDescribes and illustrates bulbs, tubers, corms, stolens and more asexual means of plant reproduction. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Illustration, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Examine the phases of the moon from Earth and spacehttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es2503/es250...This animation can be used to help students follow the phases of the moon and learn to distinguish between waxing and waning, crescent and gibbous, and first and third quarter moons. After learning to correlate these terms to the moon's appearance, they can watch the moon for a month and keep a record of their observations. Although the resource was designed to accompany a specific Earth science textbook, it can be used without that text. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Observe solar eclipseshttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es2505/es250...After viewing the animations, teachers can ask students to explain why each type of solar eclipse looks different from the others. Students can also develop a model to illustrate their explanation. Teachers can have students make their own animation flip book by sketching the sequence of one of the eclipses. Although the resource was designed to accompany a specific Earth science textbook, it can be used without that text. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 The Earth and the Moon - The Tideshttp://www.ioncmaste.ca/homepage/resources/web_resources/CSA_Astro/files/content/html...This lesson designed for middle school students contains an applet which visualizes the relationship between the Earth, moon and tides, in which learners gain an understanding of why the Earth experiences tides. In the process they are asked to observe and explain how the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun are responsible for the moon phases, eclipses, and tides. Through guided discussions, students will also gain an appreciation of the benefits of Earths tides. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson PlanGrade Level: 5, 6 Observe an animation of the Coriolis effect over Earth's surfacehttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1904/es190...This animation provides a practical example of the impact of the Coriolis effect on daily life. After examining the animation, students can use a map or globe to locate where the pilots might have landed if they had followed their original flight path. They can then estimate how many miles the pilots have gone off their course. Students can also think about factors that navigators would consider when planning their flights and research the calculations used to account for the Coriolis effect. Although the resource was designed to accompany a specific Earth science textbook, it can be used without that text. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 5, 6 Seasonal Change on Land and Waterhttp://www.globe.gov/tctg/earth_la_seaphen_s5.pdf?sectionId=260Though designed as a middle or high school lesson, this PDF contains thorough background information and maps supporting inquiry into the differences in seasonal change in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, culminating in an evidence-based argument about why one hemisphere experiences warmer summers although it receives less total solar energy. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson Plan, Audio/Visual - MapGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Astronomy for Kidshttp://www.dustbunny.com/afk/index.htmlThis site gives information about space. Included are facts and photos of the solar system and the planets. Click on Sky Wonders for more information on meteors and meteor showers, red shift and lunar eclipses. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - Image/Image Set, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Why Is Antarctica the Windiest Place on Earth?http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/antarctica/winds.phpThis site contains teacher tools, which include downloadable readings, detailed daily breakdowns of tasks, teacher strategies for using the activities, a portfolio grading sheet, a project rubric sheet, and additional readings. There are also three activities in which students examine the overview information and develop questions for further study, examine weather data collected at several Antarctic weather stations, and investigate the behavior of cold air. In addition there are interviews with Antarctic researchers, a polar climatologist and a glacial geologist. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Seasons - Why Its Essentialhttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/07/g912/seasons.htmlThough intended as a lesson designed for high school students, learners can review the basics of the seasons, the science behind the seasons, and learn some theories about Stonehenge, Medicine Wheel, and other monuments. Learners can reflect on the methods in their own culture of commemorating the passing of the seasons. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 A Reason for the Seasonhttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/activities/07/season.htmlThis website is part of National Geographics Xpeditions Hall and includes lesson plans and activities related to the topic of the seasons. Using images and text, this site teaches why the seasons occur here on Earth, how they affect different animals, and how ancient civilizations celebrated and explained the phenomenon of seasons. A short quiz tests people on their knowledge of the solstices and equinoxes in relation to the position of the Earth around the Sun. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Observe an animation of land and sea breezeshttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es190...Learners can view the animation, identify the key components in this system, and explain how each one contributes to the formation of a breeze. Although the resource was designed to accompany a specific Earth science textbook, it can be used without that text. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 On Observing the Weatherhttp://learningcenter.nsta.org/product_detail.aspx?id=10.2505/4/sc04_041_08_32In this article, Mount Washington Observatory meteorologist Tim Markle shares the ins and outs of his daily weather-observing routine and offers insights on making weather observations at home or at school. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructional Strategy, Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Enviropedia: Introduction to Weatherhttp://www.enviropedia.org.uk/Weather/Weather_Introduction.phpThis resource provides an overview of weather, the day-to-day changes in temperature, air pressure, moisture, wind, cloudiness, rainfall and sunshine. Links embedded in the text provide access to descriptions of cloud types and to information on weather hazards such as fog, hurricanes, thunderstorms, and tornadoes. Other topics include meteorology, weather measurements, and weather mapping. Materials are also provided on the water cycle and its elements, such as evaporation, uplift and cooling of air, dew point, condensation, and precipitation. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 The Online Tornado FAQhttp://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/index.htmlThis site provides answers to frequently asked questions about tornadoes. The questions are grouped into the following categories: the basics about tornadoes, tornado forecasting, tornado damage, tornado safety, historical tornadoes, tornado climatology, spotting and chasing, tornado research, and scientific references. Information on related concepts is linked within each section and can also be accessed via a clickable index of terms. Resource Type: Reference Material - FAQGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Oceans, climate and weatherhttp://msteacher.org/epubs/science/science6/science.aspxWhat is the difference between weather and climate? What do the oceans have to do with them? Weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere and its short-term (minutes to weeks) variation. Climate is typically described by the regional patterns of seasonal temperature and precipitation over 30 years. The averages of annual temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, and depth of frost penetration are all typical climate-related statistics. The oceans influence the worlds climate by storing solar energy and distributing it around the planet through currents and atmospheric winds.This publication is all about developing your students understandings of earths oceans and the major effect they have on climate. Understanding and interpreting local weather data and understanding the relationship between weather and climate are important first steps to understanding larger-scale global climate changes. Activities that ask students to collect and analyze local weather data as well as analyze global data can be found in the Lessons and Activities section. Analyzing and interpreting data is a major focus of this publication. Numerous data sets can be found in the Sources for Real Data section. The Background Information section and the article Tomorrows Forecast will help reinforce your own content knowledge. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Examine an animation of hail forminghttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1805/es180...Teachers can use this animation to continue a study of clouds. In addition to asking students to construct their own explanation of how hail forms, students can identify the cloud type pictured and explain how its characteristics optimize the formation of hail. Although the resource was designed to accompany a specific Earth science textbook, it can be used without that text. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Simulation, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Time zones - it's afternoon in San Francisco, what time is it in Cairo, Egypt?http://www.figurethis.org/challenges/c46/challenge.htmThis is an activity featuring a time zone map useful when teaching an interdisciplinary social studies and math unit focusing on geography and the time zones. It underscores the role of the earth s rotation in everyday life, and the need to understand the relationships between earth rotation, day and night, and time zones around the world. Resource Type: Instructional Material - ActivityGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 What causes eclipses of the sun?http://www.hartrao.ac.za/other/eclipse2002/ecl_cause.htmlThis resource s illustrations and photographs clearly convey the concept of eclipses and the physical relationships between the sun, moon, and earth. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Model, Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 MIRA's field trips to the stars internet education program - cometshttp://www.mira.org/fts0/planets/102/text/txt001x.htmThis article describes what comets are in general, some specific comets, and some astronomers associated with finding and understanding comets. Photographs are included. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Hertzsprung-Russell diagramhttp://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/labs/star_life/hr_diagram.htmlThis page is from a longer tutorial on stars. The H-R diagram is presented and its utility is described. Further, stars that fall out of the main sequence are discussed. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Graph, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 5, 6 Observe some regular, irregular, and very peculiar galaxieshttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es2809/es280...Hubble's classification system for galaxies is presented in this interactive image. Learners can click on any artifact in the classification scheme to see an exemplar photograph. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 5, 6 Star life cyclehttp://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/labs/star_life/starlife_main.htmlThis self-paced comprehensive tutorial allows the learner to study deeply or skim briefly the concepts. Many illustrations, photographs and hotlinks enhance the resource. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - Image/Image Set, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 5, 6 Observe the change in a star's spectrum as its motion changeshttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es2802/es280...This interactive image allows the learner to view and conceptualize the meaning of Red-shift and Blue-shift as it relates to moving stars. The learner chooses whether to move the star closer to or further from the earth, while simultaneously seeing the star s spectrum shift. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Image/Image SetGrade Level: 5, 6 Cosmology 101 - structures in the universehttp://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101structures.htmlThis page is all about the formation of the universe, and its structure. Several hotlinks are imbedded in the discussion for further information. Photographs from the Hubble Space telescope are included. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 5, 6 Chemical Elements.comhttp://chemicalelements.com/This is an online interactive periodic table of the elements which includes all elements up to 118. There are several different options for viewing, such as date of discovery, electron configuration, number of neutrons, etc. Elements can also be viewed by element groups. Additional links to further information on a particluar element are given in some cases. Citation information is also provided. Resource Type: Reference Material - Classification Key, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 The lemon battery challengehttp://www.eweek.org/site/DiscoverE/activities/lemon.shtmlIn this activity, students will learn how a chemical reaction can produce electricity. Learners will create a wet-cell battery to determine how much power it takes to run an electric car. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Experiment/Lab Activity, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/ManualGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Electrical generationhttp://www3.iptv.org/exploremore/energy/Energy_In_Depth/sections/generation.cfmThis short page is a concise presentation of how electricity can be generated. Hotlinks to circuits and current electricity are imbedded. The left navigation bar includes links to Energy and Work, Potential and Kinetic Energy, Types of Energy, Atoms, Circuits, and Electrical Generation. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Conductors and insulatorshttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/conductorsinsulators....This article contrast the characteristics of conductors and insulators, lists examples of common conductors and insulators, and explains how insulators provide protection from electricity. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson PlanGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 What is static electricity?http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.htmlThis site contains an explanation of static electricity and some activities that demonstrate its properties. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Induced charge - new physics at workhttp://sciencecity.oupchina.com.hk/npaw/student/glossary/induced_charge.htmThis page provides a description and illustration, glossary style, of induced charge. Resource Type: Reference Material - Glossary/IndexGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Electricityhttp://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/IntInfo/Elec1I.pdfThis document examines the mysterious force of electricity. The reading will focus on the physical properties of electricity and discuss topics such as (1) The Atom of Carbon, (2) Static electricity, (3) Magnets are special, (4) Magnetic fields can produce electricity, (5) Batteries produce electricity, (6) Electricity travels in circuits, (7) Secondary energy source, (8) Making electricity, (9) Moving electricity from power plants to homes, (10) Fuels that make electricity, (11) Fossil fuel power plants, (12) Nuclear power plants, (13) Hydropower plants, (14) What's a Watt, and (15) Cost of electricity. The document also depicts illustrations of a bar magnet, turbine generator, transporting electricity, U.S. electricity production, peak demand, and energy efficiency. This resource is structured as an informational booklet to supplement your energy activities or to generate discussion questions. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Electromagnetshttp://www.coolmagnetman.com/magelect.htmThis article describes what electromagnets are, how they work, and how to build them. It is enhanced with photos as well as activities one can do at home involving electromagnets. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 What is alternating current?http://www.play-hookey.com/ac_theory/This article discusses alternating current and compares it to direct current. Schematic drawings are included. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Reflecting Rainbows Activityhttp://nsdl.exploratorium.edu/nsdl/showRecord.do?id=10942This activity provides instructions for reflecting the visible light spectrum off the surface of a CD onto paper or a wall. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Experiment/Lab ActivityGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Polarized Sunglasses Snackhttp://nsdl.exploratorium.edu/nsdl/showRecord.do?id=10845This activity (aka snack) provides instructions for exploring the orientiations at which a pair of polarized sunglasses best reduce road glare. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Experiment/Lab ActivityGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Black Magic Activityhttp://nsdl.exploratorium.edu/nsdl/showRecord.do?id=10941Most nonpermanent markers use inks that are made of mixtures of colored pigments and water. How does Black Magic work? Why do some black inks separate into many colors on a wet coffee filter? Why does mixing many colors of ink make black? Resource Type: Instructional Material - Experiment/Lab ActivityGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 The Magnetic Fieldhttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/physical_science/magnetism/magnetic_field.htmlThis webpage is part of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Windows to the Universe program. It describes the nature and configuration of magnetic fields, which are the result of moving electric charges, including how they cause magnetic objects to orient themselves along the direction of the magnetic force points, which are illustrated as lines. Magnetic field lines by convention point outwards at the north magnetic pole and inward at the south magnetic pole. The site features text, scientific illustrations and an animation. Text and vocabulary are selectable for the beginning, intermediate, or advanced reader. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Will it Float?http://learningcenter.nsta.org/product_detail.aspx?id=10.2505/4/ss06_030_02_22Student preconceptions are one of the greatest challenges we face as science teachers. This Predict, Explain, Observe, and Explain (PEOE) activity challenges students? preconceived notions about why matter floats or sinks when placed in a liquid. The idea behind this model is to do a demonstration that first confirms students? conceptions followed by a second, similar demonstration that provides discrepant information creating cognitive dissonance. Learning happens as students are forced to modify their conceptions so that their view of how things work is not in conflict with what they are seeing. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Chem4Kids - Matterhttp://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.htmlThese pages are set up like a self guided tutorial. Click on the next stop on the tour button at the bottom of each page to learn more about matter, states of matter and the particulate nature of matter. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Physical propertieshttp://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/104Aphysprop.htmlThis short reference article describes, defines and lists several physical properties and physical changes. Photographs are included. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Textbook, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Freezing and melting - world of earth sciencehttp://www.bookrags.com/research/freezing-and-melting-woes-01/This article tells how the freezong point of a substance is also its melting point. The energy of the substance's molecules changes with temperature, thus with changes in state. Also described is how freezing points can be lowered, or depressed, by adding a subsance. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Vapor pressurehttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kinetic/vappre.htmlThis page is divided into several short sections, each focused on a specific topic such as evaporation or boiling point and each is accompanied by schematic illustrations of the process at the molecular level or a graph of the related variables.. Links to related topics are along the right hand side. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Metric units and measurehttp://www.mathleague.com/help/metric/metric.htmThis page provides concise and comprehensive coverage of metric unit of measure for length, volume, area, mass, time, and termperature. Also included is a discussion of decimals in measurements. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Using a triple beam balancehttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=576141826126913434&q=triple+beam+balance&tota...A 3 minute amateur video shows a triple beam in use. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Demonstration, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Reading the volume from a 100ml graduated cylinderhttp://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCEsoft/Programs/VideoCD/CPL/Sample/Modules/gradcyl/grad...This page describes how to measure liquid volume with a graduated cylinder, and includes a high resolution photograph of the meniscus. Quiz questions for understanding are also included. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 How thermometers work - how stuff workshttp://www.howstuffworks.com/therm.htmThis article is divided into pages on bulb thermometers, bimetallic, strip thermometers, and electronic thermometers. Illustrations are included. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 The Visual Elements Periodic Tablehttp://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/pertable_fla.htmThis unique periodic table presents the elements in an interesting visual display. Select an element, and find an image of the element, a description, history, and even an animation. Other chemical data is linked as a PDF file (requires Acrobat Reader). Resource Type: Reference Material - Scientific Standard, Audio/Visual - Image/Image SetGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Metals, non-metals and metalloidshttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/metals.html&edu=highThis page displays the periodic table with the metals, non-metals and metalloids distinguished from each other. Brief text describes how the three kinds of elements differ. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Mixture - what are mixtures and solutions?http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/106Amixture.htmlThis page defines, describes and illustrates various kinds of mixtures and solutions. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Textbook, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 What is a compound? - General chemistry online FAQhttp://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/compounds/faq/what-is-a-compound.shtmlThis page defines, describes and gives examples of chemical compounds. Resource Type: Reference Material - FAQGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Carbon compoundshttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2001/may/carboncompounds.htmThis short article describes the common properties of all carbon containing compounds and points out that basis of life's molecules is carbon, thus carbon compounds are ubiquitous in living things. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 6 Separating mixtureshttp://www.zephyrus.co.uk/separatingmixtures1.htmlThis page begins a tutorial on how to first create a mixture of salt and sand, and then how to seperate the mixture. Each step is accompanied by an illustration. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Separating mixtures - General chemistry onlinehttp://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/separation.shtmlThis page details the concepts behind and the many methods of separating mixtures. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Solubilityhttp://www.sciencebyjones.com/solubility.htmThis page describes in depth the concept of solubility and the variables that affect it. It includes a link to solubility rules. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 5, 6 Chemcial changeshttp://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/chemical/This page lists and describes signs of chemical change and inlcudes photographs. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Acids and Bases - Kitchen Chemistryhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/6-8/sci/phys/matter/zkitchen/index.htmlIn this interactive activity from the ZOOM Web site, search for chemistry clues and experiment with acids and bases in a virtual kitchen. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Interactive Simulation, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Basic nuclear science information - Radioactivityhttp://www.lbl.gov/abc/Basic.html#RadioactivityThis page's description of the various kinds of radioactivity includes some discussion of the history of its discovery, illustrations, and hot links to related sites. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 6 Electromagnetic waveshttp://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Sun4spec.htmThis comprehensive resource discusses light, prisms, colors, wavelengths and the visible light spectrum. Illustrations, additional links, and photographs are included. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Chem4Kids.com - Chemical reactionshttp://www.chem4kids.com/reactions/index.htmlThough titled for kids the information presented at this site is thorough and supported with hot links to related concepts as well as illustrations. Click on the blue Next Stop on the Tour button to continue learning. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Chem4Kids.com - Atoms around ushttp://www.chem4kids.com/atoms/index.htmlThough titled for kids the information presented at this site is thorough and supported with hot links to related concepts as well as illustrations. Click on the blue Next Stop on the Tour button to continue learning. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Observe an animation of nuclear fissionhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0702/es070...Teachers could use this resource with students to help them visualize the process of nuclear fission. Students could be encouraged to use the movie control buttons to view and review the animation, pausing whenever necessary. Although this resource was designed to supplement a specific Earth science textbook, it can be used without that text. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 6 Get Close to a Nuclear Fission Reaction!http://www.teachersdomain.org/6-8/sci/phys/energy/getclose/index.htmlLearn how scientists regulate a nuclear reactor in this animation-enhanced essay from the FRONTLINE Web site. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson Plan, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 6 What is fusion?http://fusioned.gat.com/what_is_fusion.htmlThis page defines and desribes fusion. It explains why we should be interested in it as a renewable source of energy. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 6 Atoms - The Space Betweenhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/6-8/sci/phys/matter/atoms/index.htmlThis video segment adapted from A Science Odyssey takes a look at the scale of the atom and the tremendous amount of space between the electrons and the nucleus. If all this empty space exists in matter, how can any substance be solid? Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Matter - Atoms, Molecules and States of Matterhttp://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=49This lesson introduces atomic theory from Democritus to Dalton and reviews John Daltons 4 basic theories on matter. This serves as the first lesson in a series on atomic structure. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 5, 6 Fusion reactionshttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/fu...This page describes and illustrates fusion reactions. It includes hot links to fusion reactions in the sun, nuclear forces ,and the hydrogen bomb. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 6 Chemical Bondinghttp://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=55It introduces the concepts of ionic and covalent bonding. This module is the second in a series on chemical reactions. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 5, 6 Visualization and problem solving for general chemistryhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/molecules/index.htmlThis page provides three ways to see molecules. They are the empirical formula, the structural formula, and the molecular model. The learner must click on one of the options. Additional free downloads may be required to see the images. Resource Type: Reference Material - Glossary/Index, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 5, 6 The physics classroom - Lesson one describing motion with wordshttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L1d.htmlThis page is part of a comprehensive and comprehensible tutorial in physics. Schematic drawings, links to animations and self-test questions with answers are included. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Lesson 1 describing motion with words - accelerationhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L1e.htmlThis page is from a comprehensive and comprehensible tutorial in physics. Schematic drawings, questions for understanding with the answerers, and links to animations are included. Resource Type: Assessment Material, Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Lesson 2 force and its representation - the meaning of forcehttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/U2L2a.htmlThis page is from a comprehensive and comprehensible tutorial in physics. Schematic drawings, animations, and links to animations are included. Use the link in the left navigation bar to explore the related topic of types of forces including frictional force, gravitational force, and magnetic force. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Your weight on other worldshttp://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/index.htmlThis site shows images of all the planets and several other celestial bodies, under which one can enter their weight and find out how their weight changes on other worlds. Mass and weight are distinguished in subsequent text. The relationship between gravity, mass, and distance is described and represented mathematically. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Interactive Simulation, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Research Article on Common Sense Concepts of Motionhttp://modeling.la.asu.edu/R&E/Hestenes_CommonSenseConcept.pdfCommon sense (CS) misconceptions are not arbitrary or trivial. Indeed, every one of the misconceptions about motion common among students today was seriously advocated by leading intellectuals in pre-Newtonian times. If the evaluation of CS was so difficult for the intellectual giants from Aristotle to Galileo, we should not be surprised it is a problem for ordinary students today. Accordingly, common sense beliefs should be treated with genuine respect by instructors and regarded as serious alternative hypotheses to be evaluated by scientific procedures. A taxonomy of common sense concepts which conflict with Newton s laws is presented. Elementary teachers who are aware of these CS beliefs can teach deliberately to avoid contributing to student development of misconceptions. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - ReportGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Newtons Laws in Actionhttp://dept.physics.upenn.edu/courses/gladney/mathphys/subsection3_1_3.htmlThis page describes Newtons Laws and their relation to conservation of energy and momentum and provides examples. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - Illustration, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Newtons Lawshttp://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Snewton.htmThis series of web pages, part of From Stargazers to Starships, describes Newtons three laws of motion and the two concepts on which they are based, force and inertia. A lesson plan for instructors is also provided. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Earth system evolution - activity 2 paleoclimateshttp://www.agiweb.org/earthcomm/earthsystem/climatechange/activity2.html?State=MIThis page is from a comprehensive module intended for high school students. It contains information and links regarding using fossil evidence, such as pollen, ice cores and tree rings to infer climatic change over time. Additional related topics and activities are found in the right hand navigation bar such as Activity 5 -How Do Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in the Atmosphere Affect Global Climate? Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Trees, soil and water - Journey to Foreverhttp://journeytoforever.org/tree.htmlTrees, soil and water: Journey to Forever - healthcare for mountains, trees for deserts, trees for people, forest, forestry, deforestation, erosion, soil conservation, water conservation, desertification. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Potential and kinetic energyhttp://www3.iptv.org/exploremore/energy/Energy_In_Depth/sections/potential.cfmThis page provides an explanation and example of conservation of energy. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Introduction to energyhttp://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/IntroS.pdfThis reading defines energy and discusses topics such as Potential energy, Kinetic energy, Conservation of Energy, Energy Efficiency, Sources of Energy, Measuring Energy, Energy use, Who uses energy?, and Energy use and prices. The document also depicts illustrations of energy transformations, efficiency of power plants, U.S. energy consumption by source, and percentage of energy use by industrial, commercial, residential, and transportation sectors. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Solar Systems Formationhttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/formation.htmlThis page, from a multi page tutorial, discusses a theory of our solar system formation. It contains a link to the evolution of the solar system. An illustration and embedded hot links are included. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 5, 6 Atmospheric Processes: Radiationhttp://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_1_2_5t.htmThis activity begins with an explanation of the heat transfer processes in general and then focuses on radiation. In the activity, students investigate how different surfaces absorb heat and apply their experience with the surfaces to interpret real-world situations. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson PlanGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Atmospheric Processes - Conductionhttp://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_1_2_6t.htmThis activity begins with an explanation of the heat transfer process of conduction, the process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring molecules. In the activity, students are asked to explain the process of conduction using a molecular model and explain that different materials conduct at different rates. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson PlanGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Teacher Guide to Atmospheric Processes: Convectionhttp://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_1_2_7t.htmThis activity begins with an explanation of the heat transfer process of convection, the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the heated material. In the activity, students observe convective currents in water and learn that air can behave as as a fluid. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson PlanGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Sound and Solids - Stereo Hangershttp://www.teachersdomain.org/3-5/sci/phys/mfe/zstereohangr/index.htmlThis short movie shows cast members from ZOOM demonstrating that solid objects actually conduct sound waves more efficiently than air does. All it takes is a metal hanger and some string. A background essay explains the phenomena. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 2, 4, 5, 6 Blue Sky Snackhttp://nsdl.exploratorium.edu/nsdl/showRecord.do?id=10785This activity provides instructions for using a flashlight and aquarium (or other container of water) to explain why the sky is blue and sunsets are red. When the white light from the sun shines through the earth's atmosphere, it collides with gas molecules with the blue light scattering more than the other colors, leaving a dominant yellow-orange hue to the transmitted light. The scattered light makes the sky blue; the transmitted light makes the sunset reddish orange. The section entitled What's Going On? explains this phenomena. Resource Type: Instructional Material - ActivityGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Wave basicshttp://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/labs/waves/wave_basics/waves.htmThis page provides an introduction to waves including interactive simulations of amplitude, frequency, and wavelength. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Interactive Simulation, Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 5, 6 Straw oboeshttp://www.mcrel.org/whelmers/whelm11.aspThis activity introduces the concept of resonance and the relationship between pitch and the length and diameter of the straw. The Content section provides an explanation of Hertz which is equal to cycles per second. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Activity, Instructional Material - Lecture/PresentationGrade Level: 5, 6 Pitch - Making Guitarshttp://www.teachersdomain.org/3-5/sci/phys/mfe/zmguitar/index.htmlWatch the rubber bands vibrate on homemade guitars in this video segment adapted from ZOOM as cast members talk about pitch and demonstrate how to make a cereal box instrument. A background essay provides an explanation of the relationship between frequency and pitch. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Demonstration, Instructional Material - Lecture/Presentation, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Explore Learning - Doppler Effecthttp://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResource.dspDetail&ResourceID=19This interactive simulation allows the user to control the velocity of two sound sources in which the wave crests are visually represented. As the sound sources move, interference patterns and evidence of the Doppler effect can be observed and measured. The Extra Materials link provides an explanation of the Doppler effect and instructions on how to use the simulation. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Instructional Material - Interactive SimulationGrade Level: 6 Heat and temperaturehttp://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/energy/heatAndTemperature/heatAndTemp...This page explains the difference between heat and temperature and how they are related. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Gas molecule motionhttp://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/energy/heatAndTemperature/gasMolecule...This page describes the relationship between kinetic energy of molecules and temperature. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 GCSE Physics: Sound volumehttp://www.gcse.com/waves/sound_volume.htmThis tutorial uses discussion and pictures of wave graphs to explain loudness or volume of sound, amplitude, and frequency. Resource Type: Instructional Material - TutorialGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 The reflection of lighthttp://acept.la.asu.edu/PiN/rdg/reflection/reflection.shtmlThis short article uses text and illustrations to explain the reflection of light on smooth and rough surfaces. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 The refraction of lighthttp://acept.la.asu.edu/PiN/rdg/refraction/refraction.shtmlThis article uses text and illustrations to explain the refraction of light when light goes from one medium to another. Resource Type: Reference Material - Article, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 The path of lighthttp://acept.la.asu.edu/PiN/rdg/lightpath/lightpath.shtmlThis article uses text and illustrations to explain the refraction of light when light goes from one medium to another. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Lesson 1 basic terminology and concepts - definition and mathematics of workhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/U5L1a.htmlPart of a comprehensive physics tutorial for high school students, this page describes work conceptually and mathematically, provides examples enhanced by illustrations, and problems for practice with drop down boxes for your answers and feedback. Resource Type: Assessment Material - Answer Key, Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Lesson 1 basic terminology and concepts - potential energyhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/U5L1b.htmlPart of a comprehensive physics tutorial for high school students, this page describes potential energy conceptually and mathematically, provides examples enhanced by illustrations, and problems for practice with drop down boxes for your answers and feedback. In the left navigation bar, click on Kinetic Energy to get parallel information on kinetic energy. Resource Type: Instructional Material - TutorialGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Just a little bit of effort - exploring levershttp://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/curriculum/levers/levers02a.htmIn this activity, designed for middle and high school, science concepts are related to levers and then to the to levers in the human body. It includes comprehensive support materials for both teachers and students Resource Type: Instructional Material - Experiment/Lab Activity, Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Echoeshttp://www.school-for-champions.com/science/sound_echoes.htmThis web site answers the following questions: How can we hear an echo? How are things estimated with echoes? and What sort of special effects can echoes cause? Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 How obstacles affect sound waveshttp://www.school-for-champions.com/science/sound_obstacles.htmThis web site answers the following questions: What happens in reflection? What causes absorption? and How is the transmitted amount calculated? Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 5, 6 Angles of reflectionhttp://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/reflection/index.htmlThis interactive simulation shows what happens to light when it hits a mirror. The simluation allows the user to change the angle of the incoming or incident light wave and see the corresponding reflected angle. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Interactive SimulationGrade Level: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Lenses and geometrical opticshttp://acept.la.asu.edu/PiN/rdg/lenses/lenses.shtmlThis reading provides illustrations and an explanation of the different kinds of lenses and their affect on light, the concept of focal length, and real and virtual objects. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Lesson 1 basic terminology and concepts - Kinetic energyhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/energy/U5L1c.htmlPart of a comprehensive physics tutorial for high school students, this page describes kinetic energy conceptually and mathematically, provides examples enhanced by illustrations, and problems for practice with drop down boxes for your answers and feedback. In the left navigation bar, click on Potential Energy to get parallel information on potential energy. Resource Type: Instructional Material - TutorialGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Meteorshttp://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/solarsystem/meteors/Meteors.htmlThis page is part of a larger tutorial from NASA, and defines and describes meteors. Click on the next page to learn about meteor showers. In left navigation bar is a glossary of these terms including meteoroid, meteor, meteorite, fireball and bolide. Resource Type: Reference Material - Glossary/Index, Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 What is the hydrospherehttp://earth.rice.edu/MTPE/hydro/hydrosphere/hydrosphere_what.htmlThis page defines and describes the hydrosphere and provides several photographs. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Simple machineshttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2930101337942399883This 12 minute video highlights six types of simple machines, explains how they make work easier, rather than changing the amount of work to be done, and provides several common, relevant examples. Resolution is compromised in the full screen view. Resource Type: Audio/Visual - Movie/AnimationGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Mechanical engineering pulleyshttp://www.swe.org/iac/lp/pulley_03.htmlThis page describes how pulleys make work easier. As more pulleys are added, mechanical advantagae increases. Photographs and mathematical formulas enhance the content and concepts presented. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction Reference, Audio/Visual - PhotographGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 conductors and conductivityhttp://www.physics4kids.com/files/elec_conduct.htmlThis page from a comprehensive physics site, describes, defines, and illustrates electrical conductivity. Click on Resistance in the right hand navigation bar for similar information regarding conductivity's opposite, resistively. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Tutorial, Audio/Visual - Graph, Audio/Visual - IllustrationGrade Level: 3, 4, 5, 6 Water Propertieshttp://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterproperties.htmlSimple description of the chemical and physical properties of water produced by the U.S. Geological Survey. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Review and practice on chemical vs. physical properties and changeshttp://www.teacherbridge.org/public/bhs/teachers/Dana/chemphys.htmlThis page provides a review of chemical and physical properties and changes by asking 15 questions. Resource Type: Assessment Material - TestGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 U.S. Household Electricity Reporthttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/reps/enduse/er01_us.htmlThis report, published in July of 2005, provides a breakdown of U.S. household electrical consumption from 2001 including HVAC and water heating, kitchen and laundry appliances, and lighting and home electronics. Resource Type: Reference Material - ReportGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Atomic Theory II - Ions, Isotopes and Electron Shellshttp://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=51This lesson explains the presence of ions, isotopes and discusses Bohrs theory on the quantum behaviour of electrons. This module is the second in a series on atomic theory. Resource Type: Reference Material - ArticleGrade Level: 4, 5, 6 Regulation and behaviorhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/sci/life/reg/index.htmlHow can animals and plants exist in every biome on Earth: blazing hot or freezing cold, sopping wet or bone dry? How does homeostasis help organisms survive changes in their environment? How do animals, including humans, sense change in their environment, and how do they respond? Explore these questions and more in this collection of Regulation and Behavior resources. Resource Type: Instructional Material - Instructor Guide/Manual , Instructional Material - Lesson/Lesson PlanGrade Level: K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Metabolismhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Metabolism.htmlThis is a brief overview of the concepts encompassed by metabolism. Imbedded links allow the user to obtain additional details if they wish. A few line drawings are included. Resource Type: Reference Material - Nonfiction ReferenceGrade Level: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
