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Signing in now will connect your and Teachers' Domain accounts, so that in the future you will automatically be signed into Teachers' Domain when you come from . Immune Cells in Action Resource for Grades 6-12 | Citation Media Type: Video Running Time: 1m 40s Size: 5.0 MB View or Download SAVE TO FOLDER Loading... Save Cancel Share | Source: The Secret of Life teaching modules, "Nothing to Sneeze At: Viruses" Resource Produced by: Collection Developed by: Collection Credits Collection Funded by: See Also: National K -12 Subject: Living Systems Structure and Function of Cells Lesson Plans Using this Resource: Cellular Structure and Function Stem Cell Research In this video segment from The Secret of Life, you'll look through a microscope at a virus attacking a cell. Viruses continue to replicate until they break apart the host cell and start spreading throughout the body, destroying healthy cells along the way. You'll learn how the immune system overpowers a virus with white blood cells and creates the antibodies that kill the same types of viruses quickly if they return. Permitted use: Download and Share Alternate Media Available: Immune Cells in Action (Audio Description) (Video) Accessibility Features: Audio Description, Caption Background Essay The immune system is a collection of molecules, cells, and organs whose complex interactions form a defense network capable of protecting the body from organisms that cause disease. In general, the immune system can be divided into two distinct, though overlapping, subsystems: the innate system and the acquired system. The innate immune system provides generalized protection against infection. Immune cells like the macrophages, for example, are very good at cleansing the body of invading organisms whenever they happen upon them. They have little ability to distinguish between self and non-self, however, and may engulf one of their own cells as readily as a foreign cell. These cells will also respond in the same manner no matter how many times they encounter a particular organism; in other words, they do not adapt and improve their effectiveness against previously encountered foes. In contrast, the cells of the acquired immune system are able to distinguish foreign cells from self, and can distinguish between different types of foreign cells as well. In addition, some acquired immune system cells establish a "memory" for each invading organism they encounter. This is why for example, if you have fought off a certain type of infection -- like the mumps -- on one occasion, your body retains its ability to recognize and quickly mount a defense if subjected to that type of virus in the future. Cells called lymphocytes are key to the acquired immune system response. There are two types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. These cells are always on the lookout for foreign cells. When they encounter them, B lymphocytes respond by producing antibodies -- large proteins that destroy or otherwise interfere with the vital activities of foreign cells. T lymphocytes, when they identify a target cell based on its chemical signature, either actively kill the invader using powerful chemicals, or secrete chemicals that attract macrophages that will eat the offending cell. Importantly, B lymphocytes give rise to two types of daughter cells: plasma cells and memory cells. Plasma cells do little more than produce antibodies; however, they do so prolifically. A single plasma cell is capable of producing 30,000 antibody molecules each second. Memory cells also produce huge quantities of antibody molecules, but more important is their role in "immune memory." Memory cells are extremely long-lived and retain the ability to recognize and fight invaders they've seen before -- often for as long as the host organism remains alive. Print Background Essay Discussion Questions If our antibodies protect us from disease, then why do we keep getting colds? How do you think vaccination works to protect you? Print Discussion Questions Standards About Standards | Report a Standards Mismatch About Standards | Report a Standards Mismatch About Standards | Report a Standards Mismatch   close Report a standards correlation problem To help improve this service, please report and describe any standards correlations that you find to be inaccurate. close About standards correlation Academic standards correlations on Teachers' Domain use the Achievement Standards Network (ASN) database of state and national standards, provided to NSDL projects courtesy of JES & Co. 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