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This site, authored by Professor Nina Byers of the University of California, Berkeley, is an electronic archive about 20th century women who have made original and important contributions to physics. Organized under their names, you will find brief documented descriptions of their major contributions to physics, biographical data, and a potpourri of some interesting information regarding their lives, achievements, and conditions of work.

Summary

Subject keyword(s)General Physics, History, History/Policy/Law, Science -- Physics, Social studies -- World history, women
Grade levelHigh School, Higher Education, Informal Education, Vocational/Professional Development Education
Intended audienceEducator, Learner, Professional/Practitioner, Researcher
Resource typeCollection, Community, Reference Material
Resource formatimage, image/jpeg, text, text/html
RightsUCLA Physics and Astronomy Department
Has a copyright or other licensing restriction.

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comPADRE: Resources for physics and astronomy educationAMSER: Applied Math and Science Education Repository

Content contained within the resource

INTRODUCTION 83Eminent Physicists A Guide to This Site Searchthe Archive   FascinatingDocuments   AnnotatedPhoto Gallery   In HerOwn Words   SomePhysics History   500+Books and Articles   FieldEditors Acknowledgements   Photo Credits Copyright Notice AN ARCHIVE PRESENTING AND DOCUMENTING SOME IMPORTANT ANDORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BEFORE 1976 BY 20th CENTURYWOMEN. Whose faces are shown above? The graphic show the faces of some physicists spanning threegenerations.  Click here for theirnames.They are among the 83 women for whom data is archived in this website. What can you find in this archive? Descriptions of important contributions to science made by83 women in the 20th century. Theseare documented by the original papers in which the discoveries werefirst reported.  In addition there are historical essays and other historicaldocuments noteasily available elsewhere. Where are 17th, 18th, and 19th century women? Women in those centuries did not have access toinstitutions of higher learning. Their participation in scientificdiscovery was not possible. There are some notable exceptions such asÉmilie du Châtelet, Sofia Kovalevskya, and Mary Somervillebut generally women' intellectual development was thwarted. Brief historical account.. Why only three quarters of the 20thcentury? By the last quarter ofthe century there were many more women working as physicist than inearlier years, too many for this website. Each woman in this website has been carefully and thoroughlyresearched, and the descriptions oftheir work vetted by distinguished colleagues who served as Field Editors. Why only 83 women? Webelieve there are more women whose contributions should be recognizedbut time and resources did not allow for further additions.This work would not have been possible without the generous support ofThe Alfred P. SloanFoundation, the AmericanPhysical Society, the University of California, UCLA Physics andAstronomy Department, the Laboratories of NIST, Joan Palevsky and othergenerous donors. How can we browsethis archive? By the name of anindividual woman physicist chosen, for example, from the list on theright or from the Annotated PhotoGallery or from her quotation In Her Own Words orby using the Search Engine provided. And then?  Follow the clues and click away! If you desire furtherreading,we suggest some books and articles on the webpages and have included avery large reference database in this website. Welcome toCWP! Project Staff Astrophysics Burbidge,E. M. Burnell,Jocelyn Faber,Sandra Leavitt,Henrietta Payne-Gaposchkin,Cecilia Rubin,Vera Atomic, Molecular, and OpticalPhysics Bonnelle,Christiane Bramley, Jenny Cauchois,Yvette Connes,Janine Sponer,Hertha Condensed Matter Physics Ancker-Johnson,Betsy Blodgett,Katharine Cladis,Patricia Conwell,Esther Dresselhaus,Mildred Ericson,Magda Kaufman,Bruria Sarachik,Myriam Levelt Sengers,Johanna Cosmic Rays Freier,Phyllis S. Crystallography Franklin,Rosalind Hodgkin, Dorothy Lonsdale,Kathleen Megaw,Helen Distinguished Public Service Dowdy, NancyM. Contributions to Medicine Quimby,Edith Yalow,Rosalyn Education and the Profession DeWitt-Morette,Cecile Franz,Judy Jackson,Shirley Keith,Marcia Laird, Elizabeth Maltby,Margaret Meyer, Kirstine Phillips,Melba Stone,Isabelle Whiting,Sarah Xie, Xide(Hsi-teh Hsieh) Fluid Dynamics Pockels,Agnes Polubarinova-Kochina,P. Ya. Fluid Dynamics and PlasmaPhysics Ayrton,Hertha Geophysics Lehmann,Inge Materials Science Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf,Doris Neumark, Gertrude Mathematical Physics Cartwright,Mary L. Choquet-Bruhat,Yvette Dolan,Louise Ehrenfest-Afanaseva,Titania Jeffreys, BerthaSwirles Kallosh,Renata Kaufman,Bruria Noether,Amalie Emmy Nuclear Physics Ajzenberg-Selove,Faye Brooks,Harriet Curie, MarieSklodowska Ericson,Magda Gates,Fanny Gleditsch,Ellen Goldhaber,Gertrude Scharff Hayward,Evans Joliot-Curie,Irene Karlik, Berta Koller,Noemie Benczer Mayer,Maria Meitner,Lise Meyer-Schutzmeister,Luise Noddack,Ida Tacke Perey,Marguerite Phillips,Melba Way,Katharine Wu,Chien Shiung Particles and Fields Baldo-Ceolin,Milla Blau,Marietta Byers,Nina Edwards,Helen Gaillard, MaryK. Goldhaber,Sulamith Hanson, Gail Lee-Franzini,Juliet Quinn,Helen Sechi-Zorn,Bice Wu, SauLan Physics of Beams Edwards,Helen Space Physics Herzenberg,Caroline Kivelson,Margaret Neugebauer,Marcia