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This brief timeline covers all the major ancient Greeks and their various ideas. It is part of a larger website, which includes sections on Scientific Revolution and Classical Mechanics, Quntum Theory and The Modern Standard Model.
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| Title | Middle School Portal: Math and Science Pathways (MSP2) |
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| Link | http://msteacher2.org/ |
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| Description | The Middle School Portal 2: Math and Science Pathways (MSP2) supports middle grades educators with high-quality, standards-based resources and promotes collaboration and knowledge-sharing among its users. Educators use MSP2 to increase content knowledge in science, mathematics, and appropriate pedagogy for youth ages 10 to 15. MSP2 employs social networking and digital tools to foster dynamic experiences that promote creation, modification, and sharing of resources, facilitate professional development, and support the integration of technology into practice. MSP2 is a project of the Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, National Middle School Association, and Education Development Center, Inc., and is funded by the National Science Foundation. The partners integrate resources, tools, and services across projects, and support multiple methods of resource discovery to meet the needs of this audience. |
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| Title | NSDL Bilingual Collection |
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| Link | http://nsdl.org/search/?n=10&s=0&verb=Search&include_collection[]=ncs-NSDL-COLLECTION-000-003-112-044 |
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| Description | The NSDL Bilingual Collection makes K-12 math and science resources available to teachers of students who are not proficient in English. The NSDL Bilingual collection provides quick and easy access to high-quality resources that are either non-text based or have English and non-English portals. These resources are selected from the larger NSDL collection. The majority of the non-English language resources are in Spanish, but there are also many resources in Portuguese, French, German, and Italian. In most cases, only the link to the English portal is listed and there you can find the link to the non-English portal(s). In a few cases, the English and non-English language portals appear with separate links. |
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Content contained within the resource
Early Atomic Understanding Earliest times - 1550 AD. The Greeks gave much to the world of physics by developing the basis of fundamental modern principles as the conservation of matter, atomic theory, and the like. Very few new developments occurred in the centuries following the Greek period. However, as the intense intellectual force of the Renaissance entered the field of physics, Copernicus and other great thinkers began to reject the Greek ideas in favor of new ideas based on empirical methods. Since Copernicus' theories ended the old era of scientific understanding as much as began the new scientific revolution, it is fitting to include him with the ancient thinkers. 624-547 B.C. Thales of Miletuspostulates that water is the basic substance of the Earth.He also was acquainted with the attractive power of magnets and rubbed amber. 580-500 B.C. Pythagoras held that the Earth was spherical. He sought a mathematical understanding of the universe. 500-428 B.C., 484-424 B.C. Anaxagoras and Empedocles. Anaxagoras challenged the previous Greek contention about the creation and destruction of matter by teaching that changes in matter are due to different orderings of indivisible particles (thus his teachings were a precursor to the law of the conservation of matter). Empedocles reduced these indivisible partices into four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. 460 - 370 B.C. Democritus developed the theory thatthe universe consists of empty space and an (almost) infinite number of invisible particles which differ from each other in form, position,and arrangement. All matter is made of indivisible particles called atoms. 384-322 B.C. Aristotle formalized the gathering of scientific knowledge. While it is difficult to point to one particular theory, the total result of his compilation of knowledge was to provide the fundamental basis of science for a thousand years. 310-230 B.C. Aristarchus describes a cosmology identical to that proposed by Copernicus 2,000 years later. However, given the great prestige of Aristotle, Aristarchus' heliocentric model was rejected in favor of the geocentric model. 287-212 B.C. Archimedes was a great pioneer in theoretical physics. He provided the foundations of hydrostatics. 70-147 AD Ptolemy of Alexandria collected the optical knowledge of the time. He also invented a complex theory of planetary motion. ~1000 AD Alhazen, an Arab, produced 7 books on optics. 1214 - 1294 AD Roger Bacon taught that in order to learn the secrets of nature we must first observe. He thus provided the method by which people can develop deductive theories using evidence from the natural world. 1473 - 1543 AD Nicholaus Copernicus set forth the theory that the earth revolves around the sun. This heliocentric model was revolutionary in that it challenged the previous dogma of scientific authority of Aristotle, and caused a complete scientific and philosophical upheaval. Return to the main timeline
